May occur after surgery (for example, to the neck) Potential causes in adults include neoplasia, demyelination and carotid artery disease.Caused by interruption of the oculosympathetic innervation at any point along the neural pathway from the hypothalamus to the orbit.Birth prevalence of 1 in 6250 for those with a congenital onset.When associated with absent or poor tendon reflexes known as Holmes-Adie syndrome.May also be seen in patients with generalised peripheral or autonomic neuropathies Sjögren’s disease and polyarteritis nodosa. Case reports of rare associations with connective tissue diseases e.g. Usually idiopathic but can occur following infection, orbital surgery or trauma affecting the ciliary ganglion.Prevalence 2 per 1,000 of the general population.Caused by parasympathetic denervation at the level of the ciliary ganglion.Depending on the level of illumination, found in up to 20% of individuals.Unequal pupil sizes in the absence of an underlying pathological cause.Consult a doctor as soon as possible if the pupil of your baby does not look normal.Although pupil anomalies are commonly benign, they may be the first or only manifestation of a serious or even life-threatening disorder.It is a symptom of serious eye disease including congenital cataract, retinoblastoma which is commonly known as eye cancer, retinopathy of prematurity, etc. The pupil is white rather than the usual black in direct observation or on photographs. Eyes are always overly sensitive to light or watery.Redness and discharge in either eye that doesn't go away in a few days.Eyes look different from others, e.g Droopy or swollen eyelid(s), protruding or bulging eyes etc. ![]() Pupil looks white or grayish-white (also called leukocoria).Eye(s) cannot stare at or follow an object or people.Eyes that are misaligned (look crossed, turn out, or are not in the same level).Light, mobiles or other distractions do not catch babies' attention.If the baby's eyes have the following sign, parents should consult doctors as soon as possible Warning Signs of Eye Diseases in Infants and Young ChildrenĮye and vision problems in infants are rare but may impair the development of vision and eyes, as well as their health. Permission to use granted by International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd. Edition revised and updated by Marion Frost & Ajay Sharma. ![]() Mary D Sheridan From Birth to Five Years: Children's Developmental Progress. Reproduced from the Checklist for Detection of Vision Problem. If at any time you suspect that your baby's vision is not normal, either because you cannot answer 'Yes' to any of the items above or you suspect a squint, seek advice from your health visitor or general practitioner. Does your baby recognise people she knows from across the room, before they speak to her/him?.Does your baby point to things to demand?.Does your baby poke and rake very small objects such as crumbs or 'hundreds and thousands' cake decorations with fingers?.Do you think your baby has a squint? Squint is now definitely abnormal, however slight and temporary. ![]()
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